The course aims to provide essential knowledge on fundamentals and applications of biotechnological processes relevant to the field of environmental protection. In this context, main attention will be paid at studying biotechnological processes for the treatment and simultaneous valorization of waste and wastewater as well as for the treatment of contaminated soils and groundwater. Also, the course will introduce key methodological tools for analysing biotechnological processes, as taken from chemical engineering (kinetic analysis, mass and energy balances, equilibrium relations), also providing specific examples for cases studied.